Question 1 Match each term with the appropriate definition/explanation. Answer -A.B.C.D.E.F.G.H.I.J. No observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) Read Answer Items for Question 1 -A.B.C.D.E.F.G.H.I.J. Lowest observed adverse effect level (LOAEL) Read Answer Items for Question 1 -A.B.C.D.E.F.G.H.I.J. Uncertainty Factor (UF) Read Answer Items for Question 1 -A.B.C.D.E.F.G.H.I.J. Benchmark dose (BMD Read Answer Items for Question 1 -A.B.C.D.E.F.G.H.I.J. Reference concentration (RfC) Read Answer Items for Question 1 -A.B.C.D.E.F.G.H.I.J. Slope factor Read Answer Items for Question 1 -A.B.C.D.E.F.G.H.I.J. Chronic daily intake Read Answer Items for Question 1 -A.B.C.D.E.F.G.H.I.J. Hazard quotient Read Answer Items for Question 1 -A.B.C.D.E.F.G.H.I.J. Express cancer risk Read Answer Items for Question 1 -A.B.C.D.E.F.G.H.I.J. Hazard index Read Answer Items for Question 1 Answer A. Exposure level at which there is no biologically- or statistically-significant increase in the severity of an adverse health effect in humans or animals B. Obtained by dividing the exposure concentration by the threshold limit value C. Derived from a modeled dose-response curve and represents an upper confidence limit for a specified response level D. The lowest exposure level that causes a biologically- or statistically-significant increase in the severity of an adverse health effect in humans or animals E. A common measure of daily exposure dose that can be calculated from the airborne concentration by dividing the ventilation rate by body mass or weight F. A unitless factor used to adjust the NOAEL or LOAEL G. The NOAEL or LOAEL divided by the associated uncertainty and modifying factors H. Measures the cumulative effect of hazards by adding the target organ-specific hazard quotients for non-carcinogens I. Commonly used by the EPA to assess cancer risk for both oral and inhalation hazards J. The probability of an individual, within the greater population, of developing cancer over a lifetime 2. Differentiate between the roles of risk managers and risk assessors according to the EPA’s Guidance for Risk Characterization. Your response should be at least 200 words in length. All sources used, including the textbook, must be referenced; paraphrased and quoted material must have accompanying citations. 3. Discuss how the EPA recommends that risk assessors distinguish between uncertainty and variability in a risk assessment. Your response should be at least 200 words in length. All sources used, including the textbook, must be referenced; paraphrased and quoted material must have accompanying citations. 4. What are the four main steps of risk assessment? Describe each, and give an example of the type of data you would need to collect for each step. Your response should be at least 200 words in length. All sources used, including the textbook, must be referenced; paraphrased and quoted material must have accompanying citations. | Get an A+

Question 1

Match each term with the appropriate definition/explanation.

Answer

-A.B.C.D.E.F.G.H.I.J.	No observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) Read Answer Items for Question 1
-A.B.C.D.E.F.G.H.I.J.	Lowest observed adverse effect level (LOAEL) Read Answer Items for Question 1
-A.B.C.D.E.F.G.H.I.J.	Uncertainty Factor (UF) Read Answer Items for Question 1
-A.B.C.D.E.F.G.H.I.J.	Benchmark dose (BMD Read Answer Items for Question 1
-A.B.C.D.E.F.G.H.I.J.	Reference concentration (RfC) Read Answer Items for Question 1
-A.B.C.D.E.F.G.H.I.J.	Slope factor Read Answer Items for Question 1
-A.B.C.D.E.F.G.H.I.J.	Chronic daily intake Read Answer Items for Question 1
-A.B.C.D.E.F.G.H.I.J.	Hazard quotient Read Answer Items for Question 1
-A.B.C.D.E.F.G.H.I.J.	Express cancer risk Read Answer Items for Question 1
-A.B.C.D.E.F.G.H.I.J.	Hazard index Read Answer Items for Question 1

Answer

A.	Exposure level at which there is no biologically- or statistically-significant increase in the severity of an adverse health effect in humans or animals
B.	Obtained by dividing the exposure concentration by the threshold limit value
C.	Derived from a modeled dose-response curve and represents an upper confidence limit for a specified response level
D.	The lowest exposure level that causes a biologically- or statistically-significant increase in the severity of an adverse health effect in humans or animals
E.	A common measure of daily exposure dose that can be calculated from the airborne concentration by dividing the ventilation rate by body mass or weight
F.	A unitless factor used to adjust the NOAEL or LOAEL
G.	The NOAEL or LOAEL divided by the associated uncertainty and modifying factors
H.	Measures the cumulative effect of hazards by adding the target organ-specific hazard quotients for non-carcinogens
I.	Commonly used by the EPA to assess cancer risk for both oral and inhalation hazards
J.	The probability of an individual, within the greater population, of developing cancer over a lifetime

2. Differentiate between the roles of risk managers and risk assessors according to the EPA’s Guidance for Risk Characterization.

Your response should be at least 200 words in length. All sources used, including the textbook, must be referenced; paraphrased and quoted material must have accompanying citations.

Discuss how the EPA recommends that risk assessors distinguish between uncertainty and variability in a risk assessment.

Your response should be at least 200 words in length.

All sources used, including the textbook, must be referenced; paraphrased and quoted material must have accompanying citations.

4. What are the four main steps of risk assessment? Describe each, and give an example of the type of data you would need to collect for each step.

Your response should be at least 200 words in length. All sources used, including the textbook, must be referenced; paraphrased and quoted material must have accompanying citations.